art critics essays

workmanship pundits articles Workmanship Critics and Art Historians utilize various styles of composing while assessing the various parts of a craftsman and their fine art. Pundits impact and oversee the gathering of a work of art as far as its significance and worth, while history specialists place an incentive on craftsmen and fine arts, proposing their significance. These restricting methodologies can be found in the emotional way of Robert Hughes and the target style of H.H Arnason. Workmanship Historian H.H Arnasons The History of Modern Art separate is a point by point and verifiable account of Pablo Picasso. Arnason assesses the centrality of Picasso according to his reality, keen on following how this craftsman and his works of art have picked up status and how crowds have identified with the fine arts. He plans to find significance about Picassos works of art through exploring and being comfortable with his history. Arnason has utilized a target composing style, maintaining a strategic distance from stubborn and one-sided word decision: Picassos father was a craftsman and workmanship instructor, and Picasso experienced childhood in a domain of craftsmanship and craftsmen. Through Arnasons record of Picassos setting the crowd can recognize how his styles and works of art developed, illuminating the peruser about the noteworthiness regarding his fine arts and the aims of the craftsman. The act of Arnason gives a more profound knowledge into the associations b etween the craftsman and the crowd. Through this investigation the crowd can distinguish the particular timeframe which Picasso was impacted by and experienced childhood in. Conceived in Malaga, Spain he took an interest in most craftsmanship developments since the finish of the nineteenth Century. Arnason additionally proposes the noteworthiness of social characteristics in molding Picassos work Picasso experienced childhood in a domain of workmanship and specialists. It is apparent that this student of history is an admirer of Picasso, anyway the remarks he makes, for example, he himself made huge numbers of them (workmanship move... <!

Left Sided Spastic Hemiplegia | Case Study

Left Sided Spastic Hemiplegia | Case Study Intercession Analysis Foundation Jane Walters is a multi year old young lady and has a determination of left sided spastic hemiplegia, a type of Cerebral Palsy. Jane has two more seasoned sisters who go to horse riding exercises at their neighborhood pens. Jane has as of late communicated an enthusiasm for going along with them to her folks. Anyway her folks are stressed that due to her analysis she won't have the option to stay aware of her kin. Jane is mindful of her condition, and has as of late lost certainty, asking her folks for what good reason she is not quite the same as other youngsters her age. Determination Cerebral Palsy (CP) alludes to non-dynamic conditions described by weakened deliberate development or act, and coming about because of pre-birth formative contortions or postnatal CNS harm (Reed, 2013, pp. 38-47). As indicated by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2008), all things considered, a youngster with CP will have other clinical issue, for example, intellectual impedances, seizures, deferred development and advancement. Spastic conditions, for example, Jane’s happen in excess of 70 percent of CP cases. Spastic hemiplegia is a kind of CP that ordinarily influences the body down one side. The spasticity makes a condition of obstruction against any scope of movement; this opposition at last speeds up that development (Reed, 2013, pp. 38-47). Youngsters like Jane with spastic hemiplegia will by and large walk later than other kids and will in general stroll on their pussyfoots on the grounds that regularly they will experience the ill effects of high impact point ligaments. Regularly the arm and leg on the child’s influenced side are shorter and more slender (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 2008). Effect of Right Hemisphere Brain Damage-Jane has left sided spastic hemiplegia, showing that harm to the cerebrum has happened in the correct side of the equator. The essential driver of CP is harm to white matter of the mind this is regularly brought about by irregular mental health. This can be brought about by a seep on the mind, or by an absence of oxygen to the cerebrum, for the most part brought about by a troublesome birth (NINDS 2008). It was essential to consider extra difficulties identified with right sided cerebrum harm to guarantee a consciousness of Jane’s level of practical capacity be it; truly, intellectually or behaviourally. Those that may identify with Jane’s case are recorded underneath in table one. Table one: How harm to the Right Hemisphere can influence work and the control of pony riding. Jane’s conclusion would imply that she would require contribution from a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT). Given her age this would originate from a network pediatric groups (CPT). The group will work intimately with the children’s’ group in social administrations and essential consideration. The group will give a scope of appraisals and intercessions to youngsters and their families. In Jane’s MDT group there will be a scope of various individuals, for example, Physiotherapists, Pediatricians, Occupational Therapists, Social Workers, Speech and Language Therapists and Educational Psychologists (NHS 2012). As per the Disability Act Jane is qualified for a free appraisal of her individual needs. The demonstration is intended to advance the cooperation of individuals with incapacities in the public arena by supporting the arrangement of handicap explicit administrations (NCSE 2011). A normalized meet was utilized, this was to permit the OT staff to see how Jane and her family associate with one another creation it simpler to; get data, recognize qualities needs and objectives just as produce an intercession plan and empower objective scaling Due to Jane’s condition she would have just been known to social administrations and the MDT, as she had just gotten physiotherapy to help with muscle solidness and improve center quality. Subsequently upon the OT office tolerating Jane’s referral, an underlying appraisal was completed in her home condition with mother and father present (An and Palisano 2013). Coordinated effort between proficient ataff and Jane’s family is an indispensable segment in family-focused administrations, this is viewed as best practice in early intercession and pediatric restoration (An and Palisano 2013). Joint effort between the two gatherings is basic for defining significant and feasible objectives for a youngster. Arranging and executing mediations must have the option to fit inside the setting of family life. (An and Palisano 2013) The accompanying qualities and shortcomings were distinguished during the underlying evaluation. Table two: Jane’s qualities and confinements During the underlying evaluation Jane’s mother communicated worries about her center quality and whether this would influence Jane’s capacity to ride. So as to address these worries a Sitting Assessment for Children with Neuromotor Dysfunction (SACND) evaluation was finished this is a clinical instrument to survey static and dynamic postural control in sitting in kids with neuromotor dysfunction’ (Reid 1995) This normalized appraisal was utilized to find out how Jane’s CP influences her capacity to sit serenely and concentrate. This aptitude will be fundamental if Jane needs to have the option to sit upon a pony serenely and have the option to think for the whole meeting. The SACND estimates nature of autonomous sitting capacity across four zones: proximal soundness, postural tone, postural arrangement, and parity (Knox 2002). The appraisal uncovered that Jane has feeble upper trunk control thus will be given an exceptionally adjusted seat which will empower her to sit all the more easily and for longer timeframes contrasted with standard seat. After the two appraisals were finished an intercession plan was made with contribution from Jane, her family and the word related specialist. Jane recognized her drawn out objective of pony riding and to accomplish this drawn out objective, four momentary points were set to fill in as recuperation achievements (Duncan 2011). Table three: Jane’s long haul point and transient objectives. Word related advisors are not required to utilize a particular practical result appraisal apparatus in the determination of their evaluations. At the point when an expert is choosing an appraisal, they should depend on their clinical and expert judgment (Asher 2007). Advisors need to think about what it is that they mean to accomplish with the appraisal, and if this is dealt with the evaluation can be classed as a triumph. One method of assessing an evaluation is to take a gander at the presentation of patients on an individual appraisal task (Steultjens 2005). Also, will have the option to address how very much did the appraisal identify with the objective setting and targets for the patient (Duncan 2011). As a component of the Model of Human Occupation horse riding will have a focal impact in Jane’s habituation. Not exclusively will this build up an everyday practice, it very well may be something that Jane can invest wholeheartedly in (Kielhofner and Forsyth 2011). Riding will help Jane expand upon her self-assurance, having that regular confiding in relationship with a pony that shows no judgment and doesn't comprehend that she is extraordinary (Horseback UK). The significant worry that Jane’s mother presents is the concern that she won't have the option to stay aware of the physical prerequisites of riding and that this will dampen Jane’s excitement. This worry will be handled in objective number four. Once Jane and her family have a superior comprehension of hemiplegic cerebral paralysis, the OT can start talking about, using pictures how this may influence her. On the off chance that Jane has an essential comprehension of her condition it will be simpler for her to set progressively practical objectives with the OT as she will have a more prominent consciousness of what she can do and may battle with. This will decreased the probability getting bothered when attempting to accomplish objectives her concurred objectives, this will ideally diminish mum’s worries about the mediation plan. Jane feels her folks don't permit her to do as much as she might want to have the option to accomplish because of a paranoid fear of harming herself or become excessively worn out. The OT chose to make to make Jane mindful of what exhaustion is and may feel like. This would ideally urge Jane to tell her mum or father when she is feeling tired. With this data Jane’s guardians can keep a weariness journal with Ellie. This will furnish the OT with some data in regards to when Jane feels generally drained and how this effects on her occupations. This would then be able to be examined with Jane’s guardians and the RDA and reasonable courses of action can be made seeing weakness the board concerning when might be the most acknowledge time for Jane to make them ride exercise when she has the most vitality. When an example of weakness can be built up the OT staff will create procedures to oversee Jane’s exhaustion. For instance Jane ought to participate in a movement that she discovers loosening up, for example, perusing, shading or sitting in front of the TV. This should be possible after increasingly demanding action or in the first part of the day if Jane is known to have a bustling evening loaded with physical exercises, for example, a riding exercise. On the off chance that Jane can differ her day with unwinding and progressively arduous exercises, she will have the option to preserve vitality for the more demanding movement of riding and along these lines last the entire hour exercise. This type of intercession utilizes the Compensatory Approach. The guideline behind this methodology is adjusting to and making up for a brokenness instead of simply treating the reason for the issue. Which in this is Jane’s cerebral paralysis and her left sided shortcoming there is a greater amount of an accentuation on treating the manifestations (Feaver and Edmans 2006). Furthermore, the Compensatory Approach may permit Jane to have the option to recapture a level of her freedom by repaying where the primary driver can't be dealt with. In Jane’s case this is overseeing and remunerating on her shortcoming and exhaustion, and accordingly permitting her to moderate vitality so as to finish a riding exercise (Addy 2

The story of the most epic pset ever

The story of the most epic pset ever This semester Im taking a class called Sustainable Energy, and so far, its pretty awesome. Its one of the few classes where I really feel like Im learning a lot. I mean, Im sure I learned a lot in 2.005 but its hard to feel like youre learning, you know? You try doing a problem that requires you to use the heat equation and see if you finish feeling less confused than you started. But in Sustainable Energy we learn lots of actual, concrete stuff in every lecture. So every Tuesday and Thursday I leave class thinking, So thats how carbon sequestration works, and feeling all enlightened and such. Part of this is because the class is HUGE in scope. We tackle the energy problem from what seems like every possible angle- economics, engineering, science, politics, nuclear, mechanical, physical, electrical, you name it. To illustrate this, I documented some of the sleepless night I spent the other day working on what was quite possibly the most epic pset of all time. It started out with a pair of daunting circuit problems which I probably would have breezed through back in the Stone Age when I was taking 8.02 (seriously, I feel so old now its not even funny) but were definitely beyond the rusty remains of my EM skills. After awhile I visited the handy Conner 2 library (fancy name for a bookcase in the floor lounge where people stash old textbooks they dont want or need anymore for anyone on the floor to use) and grabbed a copy of the 8.02 course notes. Whats impedance again? And inductanceis that thingits like the opposite of capacitance, so they get all wavy in an RLC circuit. (Believe it or not, freshman year I actually went back to my high school and successfully taught the lesson in RLC circuits to the seniors in AP Physics. I must be getting senile in my old age.) The textbook was not very helpful. I eventually had to give up on the circuit problem for a little while, even if just to give my mind a break. Problem 2 was about carbon dioxide emissions. If there are 0.9 hydrogen atoms per one carbon atom in every molecule of coal, and 2 oxygen atoms per one carbon atom in carbon dioxide (well, duh) then how much CO2 is produced by burning one kilogram of coal? I had a feeling this was some kind of chemistry problem, but I shoved that thought to the dusty back corner of my mind, right next to the word stoichiometry. I just made up some ratios that made sense and went on with my life. But then I checked the forum on the course website (MIT has a system called Stellar, which is sort of like an automatically generated website that professors and TAs can use to post materials for their classes) where the course TA had posted some answers to questions people had been asking about Problem 2and they were all talking about molar mass. Im going to be honest with you, I cannot for the life of me remember the difference between atomic mass, atomic number, atomic weight, molar massI mean, I used to know them all at one point butthat was also back in the Stone Age. So I headed back to the Conner 2 library and found someones used copy of the 5.111 (basic freshman chem) textbook. I could not find anything about molar mass in it. I was either really sleep-deprived by this point, or had managed to pick up practice problem book or something weird that didnt actually explain anything. Back to the library to trade it for someones old 3.091 (alternate flavor of freshman chem) textboo k. Right before the section in stoichiometry was a section on molar mass. Hey, the 3.091 textbook is organized just like that dusty corner of my mind! By this point the kitchen table had been consumed by my psetting. I read some more about this molar mass thing and just ended up feeling more confused. Basically, the moral of this story is that I forgot everything I learned freshman year. I turned to Problem 3 for inspiration. The problem statement came complete with a full chemical equation, which was totally not helping. Thankfully, Adelaide appeared soon after this, and graciously attempted to teach me something I swear I mastered in my junior year of high school. (Ask Ms. Lyons. Seriously!) Me: Butbutwhy cant you just do it the way I did, with ratios? Adelaide: Well, you can, this just makes it easier. Me: okay this is why Im a physics person. Alright, time for Problem 4. Problem 4 was an essay. Im not kidding! Write two pages about fuels derived from biomass and carbon sequestration and whether you think these are sustainable technologies. This pset has everything. Except like, some nuclear problem. Oh wait, that was Problem 5. Okay, the essay is done, Problem 5 is actually super easy despite being in the one topic that I didnt learn 3 times already during my academic career, and now, that final moment of absolute blissful satisfaction: when you take out the stapler and feel satisfying clunk of attaching all of the pages together in a neat pile, ready for submission.

Climate Change And Its Effects On Economic Growth Essay

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 Background †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 1.4 Climate change adaptation and mitigation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 1.7 Problem Statement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 11 1.8 Objectives of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 1.9 Research questions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 1.10 Significance of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 2.0 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.. 16 2.1 Conceptual Framework †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 2.2 Empirical Literature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 3.0 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 3.3 Model Specification †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 3.4 Data Analysis and Techniques †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 28 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The evidence of climate change in Kenya is undeniable, while its effects on economic growth are no more mysterious; rather, they are rapidly unfolding to a startling reality and concern for humanity. Accelerated emissions of green house gases (GHGs) globally, from combustion of fossil fuels and unsustainable land use practices is the key driver of anthropogenic climate change, which is manifested in; temperature variations, frequent and extensive droughts, intensive rainfalls and floods, seasonal and regional pest and disease prevalence that result to conflicts for pasture and water resources,Show MoreRelatedHow Climate Change Are Getting Worse, Is It Better For The United States?1270 Words   |  6 Pagesif the impacts of climate change are getting worse, is it better for the United States to rely on reactive adaptation or on anticipatory adaptation? In your discussion, you must define both reactive and anticipatory adaptation. Support your answer with examples from course content , the readings, or other non-course scholarly sources. †¨ â€Å"Adaptation is defined by the IPCC as the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects that moderates harmRead MorePotiential Future Effects of Global Warming1834 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Climate change is one the biggest threats to nature and mankind in the 21st century. The impacts of climate change are visible everywhere, whether its melting glaciers, rising sea level, severe storms, heavy flooding, reduced snowfall in the north and a severe drought in the south. It will also have a number of effects on the flora and fauna in the future. Scientists predict that global warming in the near future may cause a mass extinction of wildlife, affecting more than 1 millionRead MorePopulation Dynamics and Its Effects on Climate Change Policy1306 Words   |  5 Pagesdynamics and its effects of climate change policy Population growth and its effects on climate change have been hotly debated in recent years by scientists and politicians alike. The Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC has sparked great interest and concern over climate change and how it affects countries differently. The concept of environmental justice has focused on climate change’s unbalanced effects on developing countries, whose populations are more vulnerable to climate change. With rapidlyRead MoreClimate Change: Impacts and Solutions653 Words   |  3 PagesClimate change is one of the most divisive topics in the recent years and this is reflected by the fact that more and more international bodies get actively involved in trying to come up with solutions to combat it. Even with the fact that the general public acknowledges the importance of devising effective strategies to slow and even stop climate change, it is actually very difficult for countries to do so when considering the economic factors related to the a ct. It is probable that developing countriesRead MoreThe Age Of Sustainable Development1186 Words   |  5 Pages In his book, The Age of Sustainable Development, Jeffery Sachs begins with the role of technological change in sustainable development. Sachs uses the Maglev in Shanghai as an example of how technological change can help with sustainable development. It improved transport services and energy efficiency, eventually enabling a shift to a clean low carbon system. Instead of being powered by finite resources such as coal or petroleum, the Maglev is powered by electricity. In most cases statesRead MoreAs A Study Proved, Evaluating The Effects Of Leonardo Dicaprio’S1364 Words   |  6 PagesAs a study proved, evaluating the effects of Leonardo DiCaprio’s 2016 Oscar acceptance speech citing climate change, â€Å"†¦tweets including the terms ‘climate change’ or ‘global warming’ reached record highs, increasing 636% with more than 250,000 tweets the day DiCaprio spoke† (Leas et al, 2016). Being a celebrity is not necessary to raise awareness or learn more about this crisis. There are many planned events and campaigns one can attend or do research online in the comforts of home to find ways toRead MoreReview Of Ethiopia s Climate Resilience Green Economic Policy1274 Words   |  6 PagesEthiopia’s Climate Resilience Green Economic Policy The FDRE government intended to build a middle-income economy by 2025. The government believed that accomplishing such goal without taking global warming and climate change in to consideration would result in a radical increase in greenhouse gas production. (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..). In order to overcome the problem of greenhouse gas emission, unsustainable use of natural resource and at the same time to adopt and increase Ethiopia resilience to the effect of climateRead MoreOur World s Climate Is A Blanket That Covers The Earth Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesOur world’s climate depends on a balance between the incoming and outgoing energies. The vast majority of incoming energy is from the Sun, approximately 29% of incoming solar radiation is reflected back into outer space while 23% is absorbed by the atmosphere and 48% by the surface of the earth. Thus, the Earth system absorbs roughly 71% of incoming solar energy. The Earth’s surface and atmosphere also radiate the rmal infrared energy in order to balance the absorbed solar radiation. This processRead MoreEffects Of Pollution On The Chinese Economy786 Words   |  4 Pagespoverty can be clearly seen. Southern climate change forces farmers to migrate which directly contributes to the level of poverty and adds to the suffering of the poor. Traditionally, these individuals would at least be able to survive through farming and growing their own food but in urban areas these individuals will be unable to grow their own food. Collier asserts that the poorest states are in need of rapid economic growth which creates tension between poverty reduction and the perversionRead MoreThe Effects of Climate Change: Agriculture and Livestock1078 Words   |  5 Pages Climate change is one of the major issues surfacing earth over the past century. The earth’s temperature has increased over the years leading to detrimental effects on the economic and life sources of people, especially that of agricultural production and livestock. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary (2014), defined climate change as a change in global climate patterns apparent from the mid late 20th century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, (2007) predicts that by 2100

Analysis Of The Film The Wild Country - 1607 Words

The Wild Country is an action Western film set to be released in March 2018. I will be the director of the film, and will mainly take care of the visual aspect of the film. The first scene I will direct in the film is Scene IV. The spotting for the film will occur on November 24th, 2016. The first spotting session will consist of the type of content that will go along with the music in Scene IV. The meeting will be attended by the film composer Richard Marley along with our three music editors Cindy Nicholson, Brandon Howard, and Susan Baxter. The plot of the film is about Bruce West, a young cowboy who travels to Cape Town, Lousiana in order to seek redemption for the death of his family back in Mississippi. West family are murdered by the nefarious Samuel Reggins and his crew called the Red Bandits. The Red Bandits plan to infiltrate Cape Town by robbing the town of it’s fortune and kidnapping mayor Smith as hostage. In order to stop the Red Bandits, West creates a group cal led The Rebellions to fight against the Red Bandits and save Cape Town from chaos. Scene IV will have no source music, meaning there is no music will be heard by both the audience and the characters. Moreover, there will be no dialogue between characters as this is a silent film. The only sound in the scene will be the non-diegetic music created by the film composer Ben Hoffman. Moreover, the characters included in the scene will focus on Bruce West and Samuel Reggins, with the citizens of Cape TownShow MoreRelatedThe Tale of Bigfoot1634 Words   |  6 PagesCanada. The natives told this tale of a group of giant hairy wild ape-man like people that protect the forests to give reason for respecting nature and preserve order. Bigfoot sightings have spread throughout the United States and the world. Our fascination with this creature have spiraled into almost mass hysteria among people to find and prove this creature is real. I decided to observe and analyze the film Bigfoot. When watching the film Bigfoot created in 1970 directed by Robert Slatzer and starringRead MoreA Place Called Chiapas899 Words   |  4 Pagesdelivering objective information, this documentary successfully satisfies its purpose. Her travelogues compel me to expand my perspective and develop my opinions on the matter under the complete scope of information available. In this sense, the film tests the resiliency of good human nature. The modern world is becoming increasingly set in its extremes, as the lifestyle of the poor vastly contrasts that of the wealthy. The implementation of NAFTA reflects this movement toward separation, despiteRead MoreSoviet Montage : The Greatest Master Of Montage1378 Words   |  6 PagesRussia at the time of revolution. Lenin himself considered film, as an art form as the â€Å"most influential of all arts† as it not only entertained but could be used to â€Å"[mould] and reinforce values.†( Mast, G. Kawin, B. F.) Sergei Eisenstein, himself a Marxist, is no exception to this and not only are his films are full of political propaganda, but he is also considered â€Å"the greatest master of montage.† .†( Mast, G. Kawin, B. F.) His film October, called Ten Days That Shook The World in the WesternRead MoreCentral Station Film Analysis1542 Words   |  6 PagesCentral Station Film Analysis In the film Central Station (Central do Brasil), Walter Salles presents the characters as on a journey to self-discovery. It is a film about identity. Central Station is a melodrama of transformation based on an anomalous-duo comprising of Dora, a jaded retired schoolteacher, and Josuà ©, a nine year-old boy, who embark on a cross-country journey in search of the boy’s father upon the unfortunate death of his mother. The film presents its analysts with many possible interpretationsRead MoreAnalysis Of Avatar1353 Words   |  6 PagesCamerons Avatar, was a massively successful film that managed to gross more than two billion dollars in revenue. With its popularity and mass appeal, it also created a considerable amount of controversy within multiple different groups, targeting a variety of topics in the film, from its presentation of alien natives and a colonial corporate military, to race issues and a depiction of cigarette use. This essay attempts to explore main threads of the film, analyzing criticism, and offering its ownRead MoreFilm Analysis : Akira Kurosawa s Samurai Films1672 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the 20th century, America dominated the freshly emerged film industry. Each country had their own distinctive filming style, which in turn helped them each eventually make a name for themselves in this rising industry. Noh Theater, soft self-analysis, and minimalism heavily influenced Japan’s filming techniques. Meanwhile, America was the complete opposite with their flashy action scenes, dramatic effects, and plot-driven films. Kurosawa integrated western styles of filmmaking along with JapaneseRead MoreSegmentation, Targeting, And Positioning Of Marlbbury1353 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Marlboro Man and Marlboro Country advertisement campaign that took the company ranking from 31st in the Unites State to the number one spot. Marlboro has spanned across the globe, being offered to customers in over 180 countries, and growing bigger by t he day. In this paper, we will go over the characteristic of the company that have made Marlboro the global powerhouse that it is today. Areas such as STP (segmentation, targeting, and positioning) analysis, competition, as well as productRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Siege 1724 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Annotation† Sometimes the film world and scholarly arts have an uncanny way of prophesy. One movie having disturbing and overwhelming similarities to those of the events on Sept. 11 tragedy is â€Å"The Siege†. The plot in this movie foresees what may transpire after a key U.S. city (New York) becomes the object of a terrorist attack. Beyond unreal how startlingly comparable the two are. When the U.S. military plots to take captive an important fundamental Islamic terrorist leader and hold him captiveRead More The Many Eccentricities of Kim Jong Il Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pageshis home country, and, in fact, his standard of living was heightened in all of his palaces. There were seventeen of these such estates scattered throughout North Korea, located near land features like mountain ranges and oceans or near symbols of the regime, such as labor camps and a plutonium enrichment facility. In these citadels Il’s full collection of no less than twenty thousand movie titles were housed. His favorite movies included Rambo and Godzilla, and almost all of the films were spreadRead MoreThe Is The Complex Medical Condition Of Diabetes Mellitus ( Diabetes )872 Words   |  4 Pagespenetrate the skin, the patch adheres to the skin where it will then utilise ultrasonic waves, expanding the pores enable larger molecules, such as insulin, to pass through the skinâ€℠¢s barrier and into the bloodstream. Market, Customer and Competitor Analysis Market The Insulin Patch does not presently exist in the market however the market need is present. This is evident through the prevalence of diabetes in Australia where the average percentage of sufferers has steadily increased by 3.0% since 1995

Ethnic Disadvantage Has Not Disappeared from the Labour Market Free Essays

string(88) " categorisation of them as dependent and deviant carries an implicit moral judgment’\." LUBS3001 Gender and Equality at Work in Comparative Perspective Ethnic disadvantage has not disappeared from the labour market despite legislation. What theoretical explanations have been put forward to explain why people from ethnic and racial minorities experience discrimination? Which do you consider to be the most helpful in explaining disadvantage in the labour market? Ethnic and racial discrimination in the workplace is a controversial topic, which has been researched and assessed thoroughly over the past years. Although the terms ‘ethnicity’ and ‘race’ are often talked about in union, they have different meanings and stem from different social contexts. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethnic Disadvantage Has Not Disappeared from the Labour Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now Race is an ideology with a particular concept in mind, and can be understood in various social and historical contexts, for example when slavery was prevalent and race was an important factor for distinguishing groups in society. Race can also refer to particular physical features someone may have, for example someone’s skin colour. Ethnicity on the other hand, relates more to groups of people who share significant, common beliefs that are part of their embedded culture, and usually passed down through their heritage. Race and ethnicity are key issues in the workplace because evidence shows that when analysing different measures of achievement in the workplace, such as unemployment rates, earnings and progression into higher levels of work, ethnic minorities are disadvantaged (Cabinet Office), and although the magnitude of these disadvantages are generally decreasing over time, it is still an un-resolved issue affecting millions of people every year. Although many theoretical explanations have been proposed regarding this ‘glass ceiling’ theory (The economist, 2009) in the workplace, it is important to recognise that many of these theories are linked, and therefore there is no one prevailing answer to resolve the issue. During this essay I will discuss the Underclass theories, with reference to Murray (1989) and Wilson, (1987) theories of discrimination and racism focusing on Macpherson’s concept of institutional racism (1999), and theories of ethnic diversity in relation to human and social capital, concluding with which theories I deem to be the most explanatory in reference to this topic. Evidence of ethnic disadvantage in the labour market is plentiful, with statistics covering multiple areas of the subject. In the TUC report of Youth, Unemployment and Ethnicity (2012) it shows that the unemployment rate for White people (male and females) is 20%, for Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi the figure increases to 29%, and for Black/African Caribbean the figure is more than twice than that for Whites, at 45%. However, when analysing this research it is important to recognise that these employment rates may be particularly high due to the economic recession around this time affecting the labour market, but the variation in figures amongst the groups is still apparent. Similarly, this research cannot be fully analysed as different ethnic groups have been grouped together, and between these ethnicities there are substantial variations with regards to employment. An example of this arises from statistics from the Labour Force Survey (1999), which show that the unemployment rate for Indians is closer to that of Whites than it is to Bangladeshis. In the Cabinet Office report of Ethnic minorities in the Labour market (2003), information states that ‘while ethnic minorities are disadvantaged on average, the labour market successes of the Indians and Chinese show that the old picture of White success and ethnic minority under-performance is now out of date’. Although this is extremely positive progress for Indians and Chinese, there is still much more to be done to further bridge the gap between other ethnic groups in the labour market. Statistics from the Labour Force Survey (1999) show White people had an unemployment rate of just 6%, Indians 8%, Pakistanis 16%, Black Africans 17%, and Bangladeshis 24%. It is evident that Bangladeshis have the highest rate of unemployment out of these ethnic groups, and one reason for this could be due to an English language barrier. If Bangladeshi parents are not fluent in English, then not only will it be considerably harder for them to find a job, but also this disadvantage will be passed down to their children when they attend school, therefore this particular weakness is transmitted over generations, and may be one explanation for the on-going trend of high unemployment levels. Statistics also show that different ethnic groups are more susceptible to be employed in particular areas of work. Rex and Tomlinson (1979) found that in Birmingham, ‘immigrants and employed predominantly in less attractive industries and in less rewarding jobs’, (Pilkington, 2003, p61) and evidence for this can be found in the National report by Green, Owen and Wilson (2005). Research from this report shows that in the UK on average, around 8% of all jobs are filled by ethnic minority employees, yet there are various different structural positions in the labour market. Ethnic minorities are under-represented in occupations such as managers and administration, with only 12. 7% occupying these types of jobs, compared to 15. 5% for Whites. Furthermore, ethnic minorities are over-represented in occupations such as sales, at a figure of 10. 5%, compared to 7. 4% for whites. As previously mentioned, one of the main reasons employees from ethnic minorities may work in lower skilled jobs could be due to insufficient language skills. In the National report it states that in London, where 28. 8% of the population are from ethnic minorities (Ethnic minorities, Information Centre Guide 2003), there are opportunities for people to learn English via English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) provisions, however local studies in the area show this opportunity needs to be made even more accessible and on a wider scale for a positive impact to be made (Africa Educational Trust 2002). The Underclass thesis was first developed in the United States and later gained awareness in Britain due to an American journalist, Auletta in 1982. Auletta claimed that the underclass had ‘four distinct categories’, these comprising of the ‘passive poor’, ‘hostile street criminals’, ‘hustlers’ and ‘the traumatised drunks†¦and released mental patients’ (Pilkington, 2003, p52). Morris (1994) stated ‘Auletta’s categorisation of them as dependent and deviant carries an implicit moral judgment’. You read "Ethnic Disadvantage Has Not Disappeared from the Labour Market" in category "Essay examples" Although there are various definitions of the underclass, the majority of them share similar characteristics, these being unemployed by choice, dependent on welfare benefits, social exclusion, and links to crime and delinquency. It could be seen that by labelling such a diverse group as ‘the underclass’, whilst assuming they all possess these negative qualities would ultimately be extremely de-motivating, and may even result in a self-fulfilling prophecy (David Straker 2002-2012) If so, this may result in members of the underclass feeling hard work is not expected of them, resulting in little or o effort to strive for employment and integrate with society. The concept of the underclass is linked to social divisions based on gender and class, as well as race, making it a widespread topic with significance to various groups in society. Therefore, the explanations put forward for this thesis are fundamentally opposing. Conservative writers of the underclass place specific e mphasis on cultural factors, such as the surrounding environment a person has grown up in, resulting in deviant values and behaviour. On the other hand, liberal writers maintain that structural factors such as the way our society functions, result in an underclass forming due to insufficient opportunities and on-going racism. Two of the most influential accounts of the underclass that have been provided derive from Charles Murray (1984) and Wilson (1987). Murray believed a Black underclass developed in the late 1960s due to the ‘culture of the ghetto’. He claimed this shared culture amongst the Black community created lack of education and stunted employment opportunities. Evidence of this theory can be seen in the U. S. National Canter for Health Statistics (1970s), whereby statistics report more than 50% of black babies were conceived out of wedlock, an increase of more than 33% in the 1950s (The Atlantic, 1986). Murray states that these changes took place during economic expansion; therefore the reasoning for these statistics is the existence and availability of welfare benefits. Murray believed that whilst state benefits were available, there was no incentive for women to go to work, meaning when they had children these values of state dependency would be passed on and it would become the norm to be unemployed. One example of a state benefit for women was Aid to Families with Dependent Children (Social Welfare History, 1988) which provided single mothers with financial security, acting as a disincentive for both mothers and fathers, as it took away the pressure of having to provide for the family. Murray said ‘because poor, uneducated single teenaged mothers are in a bad position to raise children’ poverty and deviant values are transferred from parents to children, with the end result being a general lack of motivation and contribution to the labour force (Murray 1984). There has been considerable amount of criticism for Murray’s theory and it was generally rejected by most sociologists. One critic of the theory is Devine (1997) who argued ‘the value of AFDC benefits declined in the 1970s while the number of single parents were growing’. This would suggest there is a further underlying issue, other than welfare benefits, for the explanation of growth of unemployed single parent mothers. Morris (1994) also disputed that ‘young employed are one group in American society who have no claim to state support as of right’. Again, this would suggest that dependency on state benefits is not the main cause for unemployment amongst young people. Wilson criticised Murray’s theory by saying it ignored racial discrimination and did not account for deindustrialising, whereby there was a change from a goods-producing economy to a service-producing economy meaning people who did not possess the required skills were out of work. Wilson went on to provide a structural theory of the underclass, this being the major liberal response to Murray’s explanation. Although Wilson also acknowledged an urban underclass and agreed that their ‘behaviour contrasts sharply with that of mainstream America’ (Wilson 1987), he argued that it was because of the unfair structures of society and existing inequalities that caused lack of education and unemployment. Wilson also acknowledged that unemployment was linked to discrimination and stemmed as a result of economic changes. Racial discrimination in the rural South encouraged migration to inner cities in the North, however the situation was not aided as service work replaced the manufacturing industry, requiring skills that the majority of Black and Hispanic citizens had not acquired. Townsend (1991) agrees with Wilson’s structural theory, and concluded from his major study, Poverty in the UK (1979) that the underclass emerged due to government policies in the areas of trade unions, industry and taxation. Therefore it was due to the way that society was structured and designed which caused an underclass of unemployed, low-paid or prematurely retired workers. Although sociologists deemed Wilson’s theory as more credible that Murray’s, there is still substantial criticism on the matter. Fainstein (1992) argues that Wilson fails to recognise ‘the continuing significance of race’ which, for Black people, causes ‘segmentation into low wage employment’ (Pilkington, 2003, p55). Furthermore, Miles (1982) criticises both theories by stating that migrants have not developed a whole underclass they are just simply a ‘fraction’ of society (Sociology Central 2010). It would appear than in general the underclass theory is not the most valid explanation for inequality in the labour force as there is a lack of empirical evidence with regard to the cultural theory, and both the cultural and structural theories generalise all members of ethnic groups together, when in fact statistics vary hugely amongst individuals within these groups. Another major theory used to explain the position of ethnic minorities in the workforce is ‘institutional racism’, also referring to direct and indirect discrimination. Institutional discrimination is defined by Macpherson (1999) as ‘the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin’ (Pilkington, 2003, p85). Macpherson launched a police investigation into the murder of a Black teenager by five White youths, and through this inquiry concluded that all major British organisations are characterised by some form of institutional racism (Parliament UK, 2009). For Macpherson, this concept did not mean that all policies of institutions were intentionally racist; rather it arises through ‘social and cultural processes’ (Parekh 2000). The fact that institutional racism is said to stem from the occupational culture of the organisation is a major concern, as the culture of a company is usually embedded within the employees who share similar values and beliefs, and they tend to remain consistent over time. Although the Macpherson report has created new awareness regarding institutional racism (Solomas 1999), and remains to be a valid explanation for ethnic minority disadvantage in the labour market, it has also been critiqued for various reasons. One of the main critiques is that the concept is too ambiguous, with Pilkington (2001) referring to it as a ‘blunderbuss concept’. This is because the concept does not specifically refer to the different components within institutional racism. The term ‘institutional racism’ is rather broad, as it may contain elements of individual discriminatory behaviour and also direct intentional discrimination. Regardless of anti-discrimination legislation, for example The Race Relations Act (1965) intentional discrimination can still be found in some areas of the present labour force. Evidence of this type of discrimination can be seen through discrimination testing, whereby testers from different ethnic backgrounds both apply for the same job at the same time, using identical application forms. A study performed by Modood et al (1997) found one in five ethnic minority employees felt they had experienced racial discrimination, in the form of being refused a job due to racial or religious reasons, yet only one in twenty white employees felt they had every experienced any form of discrimination. This evidence may suggest that employees who have been faced with discrimination could be discouraged from future job opportunities. Ethnic minority groups may also be faced with indirect discrimination, whereby an organisation unintentionally discriminates against certain groups, for example an up-market clothing store may only employ people who fit certain appearance criteria. Combined, these various forms of discrimination in the labour force would be extremely detrimental to ethnic minority groups and appear to be one of the major contributors to patterns of employment amongst ethnic groups. Ethnic diversity and patterns of discrimination amongst ethnic minority groups can also, to an extent, be explained by patterns of inequality. Social capital can be seen as an important aspect of society, which may provide some explanation for the diversity amongst ethnic groups. Putnam (1995) defines social capital as ‘features of social life –networks, norms, and trust that enable participants to act together more effectively to pursue shared objectives’. Social policy is linked to all members of a community and the social networks, and social norms or values within our society. The fact that social policy is composed of shared customs within a society, would suggest that members of minority ethnic groups may not be part of this concept, as they are likely to have different values as their cultures and backgrounds will vary. This could result in ethnic minority groups feeling segregated from the local community, especially if they have not lived there for very long, and therefore have not yet integrated with neighbours or fellow citizens. The terms ‘social capital’ and more specifically, ‘bonding social capital’, are significant when discussing the labour force as they refer to networking with people and communicating through shared objectives. Nowadays, with high levels of competitiveness in the work force, it is extremely advantageous to have general networking links into different areas of the labour market, and often the phrase ‘It’s not what you know, but who you know’ is used. Employers will often create a workforce of people that they can trust, or at least someone who has come with a trust-worthy reference, perhaps suggested by a colleague. Therefore, if ethnic minority members do not share this same sense of social capital and appear to have few or no network connections, it will be harder for them to succeed in the labour force and ultimately could it have a significant effect on their employment status. This theory of social capital can also be linked to why less ethnic minority graduates are taken on by large firms after university, than Whites. Statistics provided by the Higher Education Statistics Agency from 2007-08 showed 66% of Whites found full-time or part-time employment within one year of graduation compared to 56. % for minority ethnic groups. Although the figure is not alarmingly higher, one reason for the difference could be due to social capital and networking advantages. Work experience completed throughout university years can often be acquired using contacts, and the majority of employees will consider the quality and amount of work experience endured before employing a graduate. Although this essay is primarily focused on ethnicity, it is also important to consider religion as a contributory factor for patterns of inequality in the labour force. Religion can often be a trigger for discriminatory behaviour, for example since the 9/11 terrorist attacks the term ‘Islamophobia’ was used more widely, this referring to fear of Muslims. Many types of religion are expressed using distinctive types of clothing, such as a turban, making it apparent to others what religion someone may be, which could lead to discrimination. Lindley (2002) compared employment and earnings across ethnic groups within five religious groups, and compared these results with that of Whites. Evidence was provided to show Muslims were substantially disadvantaged compared to other ethnic minorities, however other factors such as individual attitudes and levels of motivation may have also contributed to these statistics. Religion can also be linked to the previously mentioned topic of social capital, as members of a particular faith may choose to socialise only with people who share their same beliefs and values, which would affectively limit opportunities of bridging social capital in mainstream society. To conclude, with the aid of various legislation and trade unions, the positioning of ethnic minorities in the labour market has advanced over the past forty years. However, regardless of this improvement, discrimination in the workforce and ethnic penalties are still prominent. From examining theoretical explanations for the disadvantage of ethnic minorities in the labour force, it would seem that the answer lies within a number of different causes. Although some of the theories seem more plausible explanations than others, for example theories that recognise racial disadvantage along with the concept of ethnic diversity are more accepted than that of the underclass thesis, it is still important to acknowledge all of the theories, as individually they all provide possible explanations. There is not one possible reason for ethnic and racial disadvantage, more than it is due to a combination of factors such as discrimination in the workplace, economic restructuring overtime, and race, religion and ethnicity. Further aspects are also relevant to consider, such as historic patterns of migration and also class and gender. Various elements of these theories will be more applicable depending on the group in question, and it is also essential to recognise that within different ethnic groups, statistics vary considerably making it un-reliable to treat groups as one whole instead of addressing the individuals within. Bibliography Books BRADLEY, H. , HEALY, G. , FORSON, C and KAUL, P. 2007 Equal Opportunities Commission. Manchester. BRADLEY, H. , HEALY, G. , 2008 Ethnicity and Gender at Work. Inequalities, Careers and Employment Relations London: Palgrave Macmillan CHEUNG, S. Y, HEATH, A and SMITH, S. N, 2007 Unequal Chances: Ethnic Minorities in Western Labour Markets. Proceedings of the British Academy. Oxford: Oxford University Press CLARK, K. and DRINKWATER, S 2007 Ethnic minorities in the labour market: dynamics and diversity York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. HOLDAWAY, S. and O’NEIL, M. (2007) ‘Where has all the racism gone? Views of racism in constabularies after Macpherson’. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30, 3: 397-415. PILKINGTON, A. 003 Racial Disadvantage and Ethnic Diversity in Britain. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan SHAH, P. , 2011 ‘Ethnic and religious diversity in Britain. Where are we going? ‘ in HEALY, G, KIRTON, G. , and NOON, M Equality, Inequalities and Diversity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan TOWNSEND, P, 1979 Poverty in the United Kingdom. Great Britain: University of California. Websites CABINET OFFICE. 2009. Ethnic mi norities and the Labour market Final report [online]. [Accessed 26 October 2012]. Available from: http://www. irr. org. uk/pdf/em_labour_market. pdf GORDAN, L. 1998. Aid to dependant children, the Legal history [online]. [Accessed 21 October 2012]. Available from: http://www. socialwelfarehistory. com/programs/aid-to-dependent-children-the-legal-history/ GREEN, A. OWEN, D. WILSON, R. 2005. Changing patterns of employment by ethnic groups and for migrant workers [online]. [Accessed 27 October 2012]. Available from: https://docs. google. com/viewer? a=vq=cache:KVKNA4lMHX4J:dera. ioe. ac. uk/6250/1/nat-changingpatternsofemploymenttechnicalreport-re-may2006. pdf+national+report+green+owen+wilsonhl=enpid=blsrcid=ADGEES HIGHER EDUCATION STATISICS AGENCY. 1993. [online]. ]Accessed 29 October 2012]. Available from: http://www. hesa. ac. uk/content/view/1897/239/ INFORMATION CENTRE GUIDE. 2003. Ethnic minorities [online]. [Accessed 24 October 2012]. Available from: www. londonchamber. co. uk/docimages/149. pdf LEMAN, N. 1986. The Origins of the Underclass [online]. [Accessed 24 October 2012]. Available from: http://www. theatlantic. com/past/politics/poverty/origin1. htm LIVESEY, C. 1995-2010 Sociology Central [online]. [Accessed 20 October 2012]. Available from: http://www. ociology. org. uk/steth. htm PARLIAMENT, 2009. Parliament UK [online]. [Accessed 27 October 2012]. Available from: http://www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmhaff/427/42703. htm SMITH, A. 2001. The new ethnicity classification in the Labour Force Survey [online]. [Accessed 20 October 2012]. Available from: https://docs. google. com/viewer? a=vq=cache:zWnhexhVW8cJ:www. ons. gov. uk/ons/rel/lms/labour-market-tren ds–discontinued-/volume-110–no–12/the-new-ethnicity-classification-in-the-labour-force-survey. pd STAKER, D. 2002-2012. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy [online]. [Accessed 26 October 2012]. Available from: http://changingminds. org/explanations/theories/self-fulfilling_prophecy. htm THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES. [online]. [Accessed 21 October 2012]. Available from: www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1976/74 TUC report. 2012. Youth, unemployment and ethnicity [online]. [Accessed 28 October 2012]. Available from: www. tuc. org. uk/economy/index. cfm? mins=364 WALL STREET JOURNAL. 1986. The Economist [online]. [Accessed 27 October 2012]. Available from: http://www. economist. com/node/13604240 Word count – 3201 How to cite Ethnic Disadvantage Has Not Disappeared from the Labour Market, Essay examples

Project Management Control Techniques

Question: The IT department could not remove the old computers because there was no place to store them. Analyze the critical success factors, and state their conclusion and the lessons learned. Answer: Purpose of the Closure Report This report is purposely presented to make sure about the success of project with the highlighted successful measures that can be presented in future project for betterment. In addition to this, this report is also highlighting all open issues identified to be resolved with proper matter of concern (Boud et al., 2014). This closure project is mainly focusing on three issues that are found during the project was being operated by the project members. This report is elaborating these issues and providing under lessons learned section of the report. Goals of Project Report Following are the goals of the project: To review and validate the success and milestone of the project To confirm the risks, issues and recommendation To form the outline of the project activities and task necessary for the project to be closed (Burke, 2013) To identify the highlights of project and best practices needed for future project To validate the measures taken for the success of project To ensure the resolution techniques of issues highlighted in during project Report summary of the closure project Background of the Project The project is mainly based on management of employees and improvisation of IT department. These two aspects are generally covered during the total project. The project is concerned with risk assessment resolving those by taking proper measures. Among all the success factors three issues identified during the project management (Chia, 2013). In this closure report these issues are highlighted to be solved with the help of concerned view point of employees and authority. In addition to this, the successful aspects are being carried out by this project for next project management as an appropriate example of success. Best practices Utilization of IT risk assessment techniques Utilizations of detailed work definition document Feedback assessment synopsis of the closure One project can be closed for two reasons: a) all of the project objectives are met or b) there is change in the plan. In case of concerned project all the objectives of the project is met and concerned results are positive with respect to the deliverables set for the project (Leach, 2014). Therefore, the closure is obvious in concerned last step. Project performance Object performance According to project assessment it is found that the project has successfully met all the decided measures. Milestone of performance According to the surveys done, all the deliverables were met with high customer satisfaction (Schwalbe, 2015). In addition to this, surveys done for knowing the results of this project shows that the response of the members were indicating the success of project. Project Closure tasks Resource management During the resource management IT sources and some sort of general project resources had been changed for betterment of the project (Walker, 2015). These resources are shifted to be further used in the upcoming next projects. Issues management Three issues are identified during the project: a) all the 100 computers were not licensed for running new software, b) change were resisted by staffs and they were not willing to do training and c) IT department were unable remove the old computers as there were lack of space to store the old one. Risk management Mitigated risks: chances of increasing conflicts within project and communication barrier problem among members are reduced (Boud et al., 2014). Outstanding risks: Stopped growth of IT department and resistances to change management are the risks that are outstanding. Lessons learned Well performed tasks: Conflict resolution and resolving of communication barrier were two well performed tasks among all mitigated issues (Burke, 2013). Poorly performed tasks: IT risk assessment and management was the poorly performed tasks and it requires proper mitigation techniques. Post project tasks There are mainly three issues that are not mitigated properly: a) all the 100 computers were not licensed for running new software, b) change were resisted by staffs and they were not willing to do training and c) IT department were unable remove the old computers as there were lack of space to store the old one (Chia, 2013). It is the responsibility of the project head to mitigate these issues properly, but due to lack of care these issues were not mitigated properly. Therefore, proper steps should be taken for these issues. Closure recommendation of the project These recommendations provides following mitigating techniques for addressing the success and closure of the project: IT risks assessment: The techniques will help the project head to mitigate the problems of IT department (Leach, 2014). Change management: This technique will help the project head to resolve conflicting situation among employees. References Boud, D., Cohen, R., Sampson, J. (Eds.). (2014).Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Chia, R. (2013). Paradigms and perspectives in organizational project management research: implications for knowledge creation.Novel Approaches to Organizational Project Management Research: Translational and Transformational. Copenhagen Business School Press, Copenhagen, 33-55. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.